Friday, May 13, 2005

The Origins of Centaurs

No one knows what Kentauros looked like. (Indeed, few people seem to know who Kentauros is.) Neither Edith Hamilton nor Bulfinch's compendia of Greek mythology include accounts of the origins of centaurs, and when other mention it, it usually to say that centaurs were born when the human Ixion lay with a cloud in the shape of Hera. The moral of that story -- that Ixion's unnatural lust for the goddess, compunded by the fact that it was in fact a cloud (or, in other accounts, the cloud nymph Nephele) with whom he slept, could only produce monsters -- is echoed in other myths, such as that of Pasiphae and the Minotaur. But in the earliest account I have found -- that of Pindar, who precedes just about everyone except Homer and Hesiod -- Ixion's union with the simulacra of Hera produced Kentauros, called a monster but otherwise undescribed. It was Kentauros's mating with the Magnesian mares that produced the race of hippocentaurs, the half-horse, half-humans known today simply as centaurs.

Here is Pindar's account, from Pythian II:

Far were the Graces when Cloud
Bore him a monstrous issue,
She like nothing, and like nothing It;
Which found no favor among men, nor in
The company of the Gods.
She nursed It and called It Kentauros: and It lay
With the Magnesian mares on Pelion's foot-hills.
And a race was born
Prodigious, in the image of both parents,
Their nether parts of the mother, their father's above.

(tr. C.M. Bowra, from the Penguin Odes)

The word kentauros seems to mean bull-slayer. (My ancient Greek is very weak but consulting Donnegan seems to confirm this.) One can see what Pindar was getting at: the union of a human and a nymph could only produce something human in appearance; but if its monstrous nature (a produce of its monstrous conception) led it to mate with animals, the resulting offspring would partake of both parents.

But of Kentauros nothing else (that I can find) was said by any ancient source. Pindar's "far from the Graces" means that its birth was unblessed (the more literal Myers translation available from Perseus says "without favour of the Graces"), so that although he was nurtured by his mother, his cursed nature was recognized -- by a validating source whose authority was beyond appeal -- even before his birth. From this, we gather, came a life of solitude, including erotic solace found only among a herd of horses in Thessaly.

A potentially interesting figure, Kentauros. But I have never read anything else about him.

41 Comments:

Blogger Maureen McHugh said...

This has the scent of backfill. Greek mythology is of course not even the somewaht unified body of work that I thought it was when I was a kid reading Bullfinch. What they believed in Thessely is different from what they believed in Macedonia, although with lots of significant overlap on the major stuff.

So I'm wondering. Centaurs always seemed to be to be an obvious creature, a clear illustration of hopes and fears (wouldn't lots of people like the strength and mobility of a horse--centaurs are the perfect riders, literally at one with their steed but also, anyone who has spent any significant time with horse knows that there are so many ways that you don't want to be one.) I'm thinking the centaur stories came first, and the creation myth might have come later, maybe even as poetry.

6:25 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Greg, have you read Gantz's account in Early Greek Myth? He covers the early artistic evidence for everything, not just literary -- and many myths are attested in far earlier form in art than words. Kentaurs in general, I remember, are a very early motif.

I can report more when I get home.

---L.

10:10 AM  
Blogger Gregory Feeley said...

Centaurs indeed show up in Greek art very early, significantly earlier than they do in literature. (The sparse references to centaurs in Homer are interestingly inchoate: there is a brief mention of Cheiron, "most righteous of the centaurs," but they are called the "hairy beast men" in a reference to the battles that drove them from Thessaly. It is not clear whether Homer intended these two allusions to denote the same species of creature.)

Unfortunatley, none of the early images -- I have been looking at them online -- give any indication of the creatures' origin. For that you need to go to the literature, and I can find very little before 4th century B.C.

I haven't read Gantz, though I do have G.S. Kirk's The Nature of Greek Myths. Checking the entry on Amazon, I see that Gantz defines "early" as Aeschylus and the early Sophocles. Okay, going by that criterion, I have found no early references to centaurs in literature other than Pindar and Homer. Does he know of any others?

11:16 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Amazon is being slightly misleading: Gantz's reviews early materials up to the tragedists, with spot checks of later texts if they shed light on earlier sources, rather than starting with.

Lessee -- Homer with "beast" (pher) for the opponents of the Lapiths,Cheiron called "most just of the Kentauroi," and wine their undoing, but no description or origin. Horse men in statuettes and vase paintings from 900 BCE on, which may or may not be centaurs -- one shows Perseus cutting off the head of a horse/woman Medusa, suggesting the form was a representation for several monsters. He discusses the different alternate representations (front legs human or equine?), used in scenes identifiable with myths of centaurs, which stablize in the sixth century.

Origin tales: Thoegeny calls Cheiron the offspring of Phillyra; the Gigantomachia and Pherekydes elaborate that Kronos took on the form of a horse to mate with her; Pindar n Pythian 4 later uses this parentage, and implies his Cheiron is married to Charilko -- who is attested in art, shown as entirely human, and with human offspring. Pythian 2 is the first tale of the origin of the race, as opposed to Cheiron alone. Gantz suggests possibly the form of Cheiron was transferred to the beasts who fought the Lapiths, and then an origin story was created for them. Some later authors give Cheiron the same parentage as the other centaurs.

Regarding gender, a description of a painting of the late fifth or early fourth centuries of a female centaur calls it novel, suggesting that they were unknown before then. Regarding mortality, certainly the opponents of the Lapiths and Heracles were mortal; on the other hand, Sophocles and Apollodorus (in re: Prometheus unbinding) descrive Cheiron as immortal, squaring with his separate birth; and on yet another hand, Pindar (Pythian 3) calls Cheiron dead (Ovid alludes to his wounding and death, but doesn't say how).

And that's a summary. Nothing you didn't know, I suspect.

---L.

6:18 PM  
Blogger Gregory Feeley said...

I made that post because I had spent all week trying to resume work on a story (SF) that was related, on the level of metaphor, to the plight of centaurs. I find that I am not in fact yet ready to return to that story, but the post sparked someting else, which I am working great guns upon. So I won't be musing any more about Kentauros and centaurs here, but not because I have dropped the subject.

5:18 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

You know ,I have some kal geons, and my friend also has some
kal gold, do you kouw they have the same meaning, Both of them can be called
kal online geons,I just want to buy some
kal online gold, because there are many
kalonline Geons.
You know ,I have some Tales Of Pirates gold, and my friend also has some
Tales Of Pirates money, do you kouw they have the same meaning, I just want to
buy Tales Of Pirates Gold, because there are many
cheap Tales Of Pirates goldYou know ,I have some priston tale Gold, and my friend also has some
priston tale Money, do you kouw they have the same meaning,I just want to
buy priston tale Gold, because there are many
cheap priston tale Gold.
You know ,I have some shadow of legend Gold, and my friend also has some
sol gold, do you kouw they have the same meaning,Both of them can be called
shadow of legend money,I just want to
buy shadow of legend Gold, because there are many
cheap shadow of legend Gold.

5:28 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Do you know Asda Story gold? I like it. My brother often goes to the internet bar to buy Asda Story money and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these buy Asda Story Gold with his friend. I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me manycheap Asda Story gold and play the game with me.

Do you know Archlord gold? I like it. My brother often goes to the internet bar to buy Archlord money and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these archlord online Gold with his friend. I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me many cheap Archlord gold and play the game with me. I came to the bar following him and found buy Archlord gold was so cheap.

5:58 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Do you know 2moons dil? I like it. My brother often go to the internet bar to buy 2moons gold and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these 2moon dil with his friend. I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me many buy 2moons dil and play the game with me. I came to the bar following him and found cheap 2moons gold was so cheap.

Do you know Asda Story gold? I like it. My brother often go to the internet bar to buy Asda Story money and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these buy Asda Story Gold with his friend. I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me manycheap Asda Story gold and play the game with me.

5:58 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Do you know 2moons dil? I like it. My brother often goes to the internet bar to buy 2moons gold and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these 2moon dil with his friend. I do not like to play it. Because I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me many buy 2moons dil and play the game with me. I came to the bar following him and found cheap 2moons gold was so cheap.

Do you know Asda Story gold? I like it. My brother often goes to the internet bar to buy Asda Story money and play it. After school, He likes playing games using these buy Asda Story Gold with his friend. I do not like to play it. Because I think that it not only costs much money but also spend much time. One day, he give me manycheap Asda Story gold and play the game with me.

5:59 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Have you heared about a game which you need use Tales Of Pirates gold to play, and you can also borrow Tales Of Pirates money from other players? But you can buy Tales Of Pirates Gold, or you will lose the choice if you do not have cheap Tales Of Pirates gold. If you get it, you can continue this game.

7:46 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I always heard something from my neighbor that he sometimes goes to the internet bar to play the game which will use him some LOTRO Gold,he usually can win a lot of Lord Of The Rings Gold,then he let his friends all have some buy LOTRO Gold,his friends thank him very much for introducing them the cheap Lord Of The Rings Gold

8:15 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

buy wow gold,cheap wow gold.

7:34 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Our store provide New babolat pure drive, feel more soft,and greatly reduced the previous disadvantage of wilson k six hard and shock-absorbing.With the Cortex System head microgel.

11:15 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

It is amazing that a tight lacoste polo shirts with pencil pants, full of retro style with a European aristocratic culture of leisure. Color of polo shirts in vogue, including white polo shirt, polo logo, blue polo shirt , and yellow cheappolos , timely reflects the mainstream of men’s summer fashion colors burberry polos.

11:16 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

mobile phones price and performance are a

pair of contradiction.
The word "shanzhai" is very popular in China. It is industry phenomenon of imitation, high quality and low price.

Moreover, cell phones are the representative

of them.The global financial crisis led to a significant shrinkage of assets for people. "china wholesale" demonstrate the might. most of them would like buy the cheap cell phones now .

Through google search engine, when you put in "discount cell phones", you will find more than 15,000 pieces of related information. Cell phone china has been concerned in the

world. Many international sellers can get a considerable profit by ways of wholesale cell phones from China and switch

selling. So it is a very good job on cell phones

wholesale
in the current financial crisis.

3:09 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Thank you for sharing such a nice article.
chaussures puma
puma speed cat
Nike Tn Chaussures
requin tn
nike shox
puma shoes
puma CAT
puma basket
puma speed
baskets puma
puma sport
puma femmes
puma shox r4 torch
nike air max requin
nike shox r3
shox rival r3
tn plus
chaussures shox
nike shox r4 torch
air max tn requin
nike tn femme
pas cher nike
tn chaussures
nike rift
nike shox nz
chaussures shox
nike shox rival
shox rival
chaussures requin
jeans online
cheap armani jeans
cheap G-star jeans

9:19 PM  
Blogger digital camera battery said...

Gucci, an internationally gucci handbags renowned brand of gucci handbags and leather products has certainly lived up to the expectations of its worldwide customers by offering them gucci replica handbagshandbags that are not only highly fashionable and stylish Gucci Handbags but also rich in quality.Gucci handbags are known for replica gucci handbags sophistication and durability and are catering to the requirements of fashion conscious people for the past eighty years. Available gucci replica in incredible range of looks and replica handbags styles, our gucci handbags can suit to accomplish any fashion trend.

2:18 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Your do have some unique ideas here and I expect more Police glasses articles from you.

Good job for writing this brilliant article of Marc Jacobs sunglasses.

Bright idea, hope there can be more useful articles about Chanel glasses.

We share the opinion on D&G sunglasses and I really enjoy reading your article.

It has been long before I can find some useful articles about Levi's glasses. Your views truly open my mind.

This is the best Mont Blanc sunglasses article I have ever found on the Internet.

I totally agree with you on the point of Dior glasses. This is a nice article for sure.

I really like this Christian Dior sunglasses article, and hope there can be more great resources like this.

I like your ideas about Seiko glasses and I hope in the future there can be more bright articles like this from you.

I appreciate your bright ideas in this Gucci sunglasses article. Great work!

Great article, it's helpful to me, and I also like the useful info about Dupont glasses.

What an inspiring article you wrote! I totally like the useful Versace sunglasses info shared in the article.

You have given us some interesting points on Calvin Klein glasses. This is a wonderful article and surely worth reading.

Thank you so much for sharing some great ideas of Cartier sunglasses with us, they are helpful.

I love this Alain Mikli glasses article since it is one of those which truly convey useful ideas.

I greatly benefit from your articles every time I read one. Thanks for the eyeglass frames info, it helps a lot.

I am glad to read some fantastic eyeglasses frames article like this.

This prescription sunglasses article is definitely eye-opening and inspiring.

Great resources of prescription glasses! Thank you for sharing this with us.

Excellent point here. I wish there are more and more prescription eyeglasses articles like that.

11:00 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

eyeglasses frames
chanel glasses
police glasses


recommmend Chanel eyeglasses
and Chanel eyeglass frames
or Chanel prescription eyeglasses

Levi's eyeglasses have fashion Elements
pay attention to Levi's eyeglass frames
you can buy a pair of Levi's prescription eyeglasseson line


you can wear a pair of Dior eyeglasses
or choose Dior eyeglass frames
maybe Dior prescription eyeglasses are wised choice

Seiko eyeglasses
Seiko eyeglass frames
Seiko prescription eyeglasses

Dupont eyeglasses
Dupont eyeglass frames
Dupont prescription eyeglasses

Calvin Klein eyeglasses
Calvin Klein eyeglass frames
Calvin Klein prescription eyeglasses

Alain Mikli eyeglasses
Alain Mikli eyeglass frames
Alain Mikli prescription eyeglasses

11:00 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

UGGs Knightsbridge Boots have various of advantages ugg size chart Fully Sheepskin Lined genuine sheepskin ugg.com offical site soft and insole naturally wicks away moisture to maintain us ugg.com dry and toasty feet.Rear multi-colored zipper provides ugg.com sale easy on/off and major style.ugg.com canada- Ugg Fashion; Read ugg.com us product reviews, or select the ugg.com shoes width, and color of the UGG Collection.

6:24 PM  
Blogger 2010 Wedding Dresses said...

thanks for your sharing! great helpful!!!Thank you
Louboutin Shoes 
Christian Louboutin Shoes
Christian Louboutin Pumps 
louboutin
Christian Louboutin Boots 
Christian Louboutin Pumps
Christian Louboutin Heels 
Christian Louboutin Sandal
Pigalle Christian Louboutin 
christian louboutin studded bow
halter neck wedding dresses
louboutin pink bow studded heels
christian louboutin fur boots
loubitan studded bow peep
christian louboutin studded bow peep-toes
christian louboutin studded heels with bow
christian louboutin white shoes with bow
Wedding Dress Shops
vintage wedding dresses 
wedding dresses
cheap mobile phone
Wedding Dress Shops
Wedding Dresses 2011
Wedding Dress Shops
Off the Shoulder Wedding Dresses
bridal jackets
wedding jackets for the bride
loubitan studded bow peep
bridal jackets
wedding jackets for the bride
halter neck wedding dresses

10:45 PM  
Blogger Unknown said...

Turkey ankara escorts
balgat escort

1:15 AM  
Blogger Park Media said...

Yeni Modeller şişli travesti organizasyon sayfamızda ziyaretçilerini bekliyor. Spesifik yaklaşım ile ajans travesti
konu başlıkları ve ilginizi cezbedecek en gündemdeki travesti makaleleri ve hikayeleri .. Bunun yanısıra yeni yayına girecek olan Full Travesti sitemizde tüm travesti beylikdüzü
ile irtibatınızı sağlayabilirsiniz.

9:24 AM  
Blogger Camfrog said...

Marjinal travesti arkadaşlık ve sosyal paylaşım sitesi marjinal partner de çankaya travestileri ve kızılay travestileri bulunmaktadır.

6:40 PM  
Blogger Camfrog said...

travesti, Ankara travesti, Ankara travestileri, Kızılay travestileri, Çankaya travestileri, Tunalı travestileri, Cebeci travestileri ve Ayrancı travestileri aradığınız hazzı sizlere yaşatmak, içinizdeki renkli dünyayı ortaya çıkarmak için bir araya geldi.

8:57 AM  
Blogger Unknown said...

Travesti arkadaşlık platformlarının hası olan marjinal partner ve ponçik site yeni arayüzü ve kullanım kolaylığı ile siz değerli ankara travesti ve antalya travesti olarak hizmet vermeye devam etmektedir.

3:43 AM  
Blogger izmirorganizasyon said...

Sevgilinize sürpriz bir evlilik teklifi yapmak istiyor, ve aklınızda nasıl bir evlenme teklifi yapacağınıza dair bir fikriniz yoksa tam olarak doğru yerdesiniz. Alışılmış ve sıradan evlenme teklifi organizasyonları yerine alışılmışın dışında çok farklı konseptler sunan İzmir organizasyon, Evlenme teklifi konusunda uzmanlaşmış diyebiliriz.

Şaşırtıcı ve sıradan olmayan, kimi zaman sade kimi zaman ise şık konsetpler tamamen sizlerin isteği doğrultusunda şekilleniyor. Nasıl bir evlilik teklifi yapmalıyım diye düşünmek yerine bir tık kadar uzağınızdaki www.evlilikteklifi.com inceleyerek evlilik teklifi paketlerini inceleyebilir ve bize dönüş yapabilirsiniz.
En Çok Tercih Edilen Evlenme Teklifi Paketlerimiz
Kumsalda evlenme teklifi organizasyonu
Doğada masal gibi bir an yaşamak istiyorsanız İzmir Organizasyon hizmetinizde. Uzun süredir hayalini kurduğunuz, sevdiğiniz kişinin de belki de umutla beklediği bir an. Bu anı ölümsüzleştirelim, kendi masalımızın kahramanı olalım derseniz, sizler için önerebileceğimiz bir paket budur. Paket detayları İçin Tıkla


Mutluluk Teknesinde Evlilik Teklifi Organizasyonu
Eş adayınıza unutulmayacak bir gün yaşatabilirsiniz. Teknede evlilik teklifi organizasyonu alanında İzmir Körfezinde bulabileceğiniz en iyi teknelerden biri Mutluluk Teknesi’dir. Mutluluk Teknesi’nde bir Körfez masalının içindesiniz. Karşıyaka ve Bostanlı’nın güzelliklerinin sunmuş olduğu romantik atmosferde, sizler için özel olarak hazırlanmış, denizin ortasında bir masada kemancı şarkınızı çalarken prensesinize hazırlayacağınız sürpriz teknede evlilik teklifi organizasyonu onu şaşırtmaya yetecektir.  Paket detayları İçin Tıkla


Kordon da Evlilik Teklifi Organizasyonu
İzmir’in en güzel yerlerinden birinde evlilik teklifi yapmaya ne dersiniz? Mis gibi deniz havası eşliğinde, doğal romantik bir atmosferin keyfine varın. Denizin tam ortasında bir iskele ve size özel yaratılmış muhteşem bir atmosfer ile yıllarca unutamayacağınız anlar yaşayacaksınız. Planladığınız herhangi bir gün ve saatte bu organizasyonu gerçekleştirebiliriz. Paket detayları İçin Tıkla


Sevgiliye Sürpriz Organizasyon
Aşk dünyanın en güzel ve her insanın yaşaması gereken bir duygudur ve bu duyguyu minik süprizlerle taçlandırırsanız dünyanın en mutlu insanı olmamak elde değildir. Sevdiğiniz insana küçük yada büyük süprizler yaparak onu şımartabilir ve hatta ilerdeki mutlu ailenizin ilk temellerini atmış olacağınızdan kuşkunuz olmasın. Evlilik tekliflerinize örnek vermek gerekirse pankart ile evlilik teklifi, lazerle evlilik teklifi yada teknede evlilik teklifi  yapabilirsiniz. Evlilik teklifi yapılırken genelde hediye olarak tek taş yüzük tercih edilmektedir, ama bunun yanı sıra lüx pahalı ve ucuz ama çok nayif hediyelerde edenlerimiz tabikide olmuştur. Zaten hediyenin küçüğü büyüğü değil düşünmek önemlidir.
Diğer evlilik teklifi paketlerimiz hakkında bilgi almak için tüm paketlerimize göz atabilirsiniz. Tıkla

5:54 AM  
Blogger izmirorganizasyon said...

İzmir ve çevresinde organizasyon firması denince akla gelen ilk şirket isminden de anlaşılacağı gibi İzmir organizasyon firmasıdır. Yapığı işleri kısaca açıklamamız gerekirse, Acilis Organizasyonu, balon susleme, evlilik teklifi paketleri, dugun organizasyonu mekanları, tekne kiralama ve catering hizmetlerine imza atmış bulunmaktadır. Sizlerde profesyonel bir organizasyon firmasıyla çalışmak isterseniz bir telefon kadar uzağınızdayız.

3:59 AM  
Blogger شركة رواد الحرمين said...

شركه عزل فوم بالدمام
شركه عزل فوم بالدمام

شركه عزل اسطح بالدمام

شركه عزل فوم بالقطيف

شركه عزل فوم بالاحساء

شركه عزل فوم بالجبيل

4:55 PM  
Blogger smrtsmith said...

If you are a game enthusiast, you are looking for a cheap and safe website to buy POE Currency. Welcome to the MMOAH website.

8:04 PM  
Anonymous sünnet organizasyonu said...

sünnet dügünü organizasyonu
kaliteli bir dugunu
sunnet organizasyonu şik ve guzel bir organizasyon için bizlere ulaşiniz daha çok bilgi için bizleri arayiniz

8:26 AM  
Blogger jasonbob said...

bathing ape
pandora
hermes
air jordans
canada goose
nike sb dunk high
kyrie irving shoes
yeezy
moncler
pandora outlet

4:17 AM  
Blogger Unknown said...

"abrigos de pelo mujer lefties
bolsas de hule transparente
nike cortez prm
ladies summer shorts
gants si assault factory pilot noir oakley
diffuseur par nébulisation à froid amazon
filtre pour aspirateur samsung sc4780
chargeur hp ordinateur portable amazon
moufles millet expedition 8000 m
kimono long femme grande taille
pull training nike
chaussure de basketball nike zoom kobe 11 femme
soldes chaussures homme caterpillar hiver cafétéria
tabouret pour toilette amazon
niveau à laser amazon surligner escorte
kiabi bottine femme
zalando nike zoom fly
pull lacoste col montant activer
chaussure carla moreau
bermuda femme en lin dor
polo ralph lauren jeanshemd damen
nike tanjun damen weiß 44
timberland herren 3 eye
parka mit farbigem
jabo 2 futterboot amazon
nike shirt langarm
all star converse star player
brokkoli kostüm
panini fußball sticker 2016 amazon
jeansjacke mädchen 164
adidas nmd wildleder herren
air max 97 capitao america
adidas cal surf
moleton nike preço
puma calçados femininos desvaneça"

11:06 PM  
Blogger Unknown said...

"chinelo slide da melissa
nike les halles
outlet nike floresta
sandália rasteira bottero
tende doccia milano amazon
tenis all star feminino branco couro
venda de cortina
nike air force modelo agotado
camisa ponte preta aranha
nike color block hoodie
sandalias courofeito a mao
damen lack schnürer
nike dual fusion tr iii
nike sb air max bruin vapor
nike t shirt tumblr
cappello fisi kappa tazza
adidas stabil x junior
brassiere garcon
nike sb zoom mogan mid 2 6.0
combinar vestido lentejuelas
jersey rombos hm
adidas boost 350 black
smartphone kleine abmessungen amazon
shirt mit schnürung am ausschnitt
schubkarre gestell amazon
skechers shoes for men online
leggings mit spitzenabschluss
spielzeug nach altersgruppen amazon
s oliver catie bell bottom
kugelbahn ab 12 monate amazon
beutel zipper amazon
hosen bei peek cloppenburg
nike jogginghose dunkelgrau damen
nike anzug nba rot
rückgaberecht adidas
nike air max blancas mujer baratas"

11:08 PM  
Blogger Jobi Johnson said...

Fantastic blog i have never ever read this type of amazing information. alex mercer jacket

11:52 PM  
Blogger nancy mohamed said...



تعد شركة المثالي بروكر افضل شركة تنظيف ف الجهه الشرقية من المملكة العربية السعودية لانها تستخدم افضل العماله المدربين خصيصا لخدمات التنظيف كما انها تستخدم افضل الادوات والمعدات المخصصه للتنظيف ف الشركة تسعي دائما لكي تكسب وتنال ثقة وارضاء العميل
بعض خدمات التظيف التي توجد في شركة المثالي بروكر
شركة تنظيف بالخبر
شركة تنظيف بالجبيل
شركة تنظيف بالاحساء

7:07 AM  
Blogger mrbobystone said...

I love to recommend you Where can crawl Exciting Products latest Jackets, Coats and Vests Click Here Attack on Titan Jacket

12:55 AM  
Blogger George Mark said...

I think the web owner would understand. James Bond Spectre Jacket

10:22 PM  
Blogger unknown said...

The information you have posted is very useful.juice wrld merch

2:08 AM  
Blogger Emilia smith said...

We are looking for an informative post it is very helpful thanks for sharing it. Jimmy Hurdstrom Red Jacket

2:43 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

kevin durant shoes
off white
kd shoes
hermes
jordan outlet

1:59 AM  

Post a Comment

<< Home